As per last week, the universal man does exist, for we must have a universal which the word ‘man’ refers to. The universal man does not exist, inasmuch as (contra liberalism) men are not interchangeable without regard for their history
Some define liberalism as being founded on a belief in a ‘universal man’, some common essential which, unless obscured by its refusal, is present in all persons. On this ground, liberalism asserts, no actual difference is discernable between Englishmen, Pakistanis,
Parts One and Two laid out the usefulness of a metaphor for civilizations in history, the metric Scripture gives for understanding civilizations (I), and why several of the common genres of such metaphors are less than suited for purpose (II).
The Imperfections of the Competition As intimated in the first entry to this triple-feature, mankind has many, many metaphors to describe civilization. Coming up with one is a common part of promulgating a theory of history. Today, we’ll consider four